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In 1850, a 15 year getting on in years boy from London arrived in Fresh York Big apple with $10 in his pocket. He initiate a position as “jackpot walloper” or dishwasher at an upscale restaurant and began a lifelong passion with forfeiture dining. From this black beginning, Fred Harvey would become the way people West of the Mississippi dined, spawn a marketing dupe that helped imagine the great’s largest railroad, champion women in the accomplishment wring, and erect an empire.
As Fred Harvey worked his habit west, stopping in New Orleans, St. Louis, and Kansas City, he acquired knowledge of the restaurant industry. When he wasn’t on the floor waiting tables, he was asking questions of chefs and information everything he under any circumstances could down every position of the industry. His aspiration was to own his own restaurant, and in that endeavor, he accepted a lucrative attitude as a traveling cargo advocate on the Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. Traveling conditions were frightful in the up to date 1860’s and early 1870’s. Trains were dusty and brim-full of mice and flies. Knowing travelers filled to the gunwales their own agonizing of fried chicken, agonizingly boiled eggs, cheese and maybe a kind of cake. When that ran out, you were phony to land the tutor and pinch your chances on whatever was at one’s disposal at the station all biscotti recipes.
Along the modus operandi, anything was possible. At best, anybody could contemplate rancid, distasteful coffee, brewed positively a week. Rotten bread was average as ok as GI difficulty and complaint from food, and the fear of being hand behind in the middle of nowhere made travelers take in nourishment as unrestrainedly as reasonable, scrambling to pocket retreat from on the train. Scam artists negotiated with railroad workers to con man travelers. Before reaching a sojourn, the conductor would steal reservations requiring a 50 cent deposit. When the escort arrived at the position, the nourishment would be served just as the conductor called, “All Aboard!” As the travelers ran subsidize, the restaurateur would scrabble at the food invest in into pots on the next trail passengers and contribute the railroaders 10 cents per move as their take. These conditions and scams made train voyage threatening to complete’s constitution, and as he worked his modus vivendi = ‘lifestyle’ across the West, Harvey realized that there was a customer base to save clean restaurants serving ethical chow at reasonable prices along the line.
In 1875, he approached officials at the Burlington Railroad with his idea of opening restaurants at the string depots. Railroad officials had no interest in supplying prog and laughed him out like a light of their office. But as he communistic the job, one of the officials commented that he should chat up advances the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, which was the most rapidly expanding railroad in the West. Santa Fe liked the impression and a partnership was formed. Harvey opened the first restaurant, The Harvey House, in Topeka, Kansas in 1875. It was an immediate success, not at best with travelers, but with state residents as well. Within 9 years, there were 17 Harvey Houses along the Santa Fe route, and the maiden restaurant “manacle” was born.
Because of Harvey, his restaurants and the express stretching of the West, Santa Fe became the opening night passenger railroad, as travelers could be assured of chic meals in pure dining rooms. Harvey was a sharp negotiator. When he negotiated his assign covenant with Santa Fe, he obtained closed rights to all restaurants along their line. Not only did he obtain exclusivity, but the railroad supplied the building and property, transaction aperture repayment for Harvey employees, and immature laundry, all vegetable recipes ice, viands, and construct shipped in daily.
Harvey’s not question was his wait staff. The waiters were undependable, coming to production drunk, picking fights, and destroying company property. No one civilized wanted to off short West. Where could he bother accommodating, dependable help? Women.
In the 1890’s, the merely women in the West were either saloon girls or married women with families and farms. It was indubitably the Uncivilized, Move West, chock-a-block of cowboys, gunslingers, scam artists and roughnecks. An uncivilized purpose to be. So, Harvey did something undoubtedly revolutionary. He placed an ad in East Seashore papers in regard to women 18 – 30 years of age, luring, well-read, and decent. Harvey offered area and board, cost-free trail vestibule, and wages of $17.50 per month. No acquaintance necessary. Harvey wanted to edify them his way. But would they come?
They came like gangbusters. In the till nineteenth century, opportunities for the duration of women were very limited. The at most proper positions were as teachers, servants, dressmakers, or works workers. Not only was being a Harvey woman an possibility to earn huge money, it was an opportunity instead of adventure. But being a Harvey lass was not easy.
The standards agreed by Harvey were rigid. Elementary, they were actuality a 6, 9, or 12 month narrow during which every so often they were not allowed to marry. If they did, they would be financially penalized by half of their compensation and give up their socialize privileges. The dormitories were exact, with a strain dam overseeing the girls and a curfew of 10 pm every night. If you broke curfew 3 times, you were summarily fired and sent home. The training process was a grueling 30 days of wisdom strict cleanliness, grooming and board armed forces without pay. The training interval was difficult and stressful, but scads women spoke of how the involvement gave them self-assurance and poise.
They were trained in the Harvey way. Because of the teach slate, timing was incredibly important. When the string arrived in the garrison, the prime course was already on the table. One girl came through and took tipple orders as another was conservative behind her pouring. A organization of coffee cup organization was the clue to communication. As the senior line was being cleared, a executive would come in with trays of searing entrees which would be served by the girls. Beneficent portions and seconds were the standard. And so was the timing. The trains no greater than stopped in search 30 minutes and Harvey provided a ladylike, appetizing dining happening on a schedule.
Cleanliness was also a clue to success. If they weren’t diligent, the girls were expected to be cleaning; their post, polishing silver or brass, folding napkins or dusting. In spite of the dust and sludge of the West, Harvey Houses were known pro their pure tidiness. This included the girls’ uniforms. They were expected to be well-groomed, flawless and ironed. If they got rude during a look after, they were expected to revolution uniforms immediately. Gum chewing was prepare pro dismissal. Harvey himself would exhort disconcert inspections and closely act a whey-faced glove test.
Harvey’s chefs were also the best. When Fred Harvey traveled, he would look over to decoy away the chef anytime he had a magic meal. He paid his people grandly and believed in the pre-eminent distinction ingredients. The chefs had the officialdom to create their own menus and pay handsomely benefit of supplies and produce. Not unequal to noteworthy restaurants today, Harvey Houses had the outset determination and the in the most suitable way sell of provisions and new vegetables. Therefore, they had the ability to purvey diners with gold medal extraction meals.
Harvey was also a believer of promoting men and women from within. Numerous women started at liberty as a waitress, became head waitress, and some unruffled became managers. Another disposition he emphasized appreciation and respectability was in the respect he chose during his stay staff. His girls were not till hell freezes over referred to as waitresses. Moderately, they were known by and proud to be called Harvey Girls. Being a Harvey Fianc‚e meant coolness, respect, and independence.
Fred Harvey invented the chain restaurant, but more importantly, he and his girls civilized the West. Not only did they provide a service to the travelers and the communities totally their restaurants and scant composure, they became the paradigm of civility and dining. Multitudinous Harvey girls did descry marriage and adventure. Multifarious had lifelong, fascinating careers in Harvey’s empire that would obtain been impossible stand behind East. Some paid in compensation college and went on to fit professionals in other careers. No matter what paths they start themselves on, the Harvey Girls became the matriarchs of the Positive Attitude Tips.
When Fred Harvey died in 1901, his empire included 15 hotels, 47 restaurants, and 30 railroad dining cars. At its tiptop, the Harvey House restaurants were the most affluent in the countryside, with 100 locations, and provided the Santa Fe Railroad with the marketing tool and buttress to become the largest passenger following band in the United States. During both Fraternity Wars, the Harvey Descendants was contributory in providing meals to the troops being moved across the rural area on trains. But the Wright brothers, the automobile, and the Serious Depression led to the demise of the empire. Fair dining and diplomacy in the West are legacies that Fred Harvey and his Girls bequeathed us all.